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Chapter I
General provisions
Art. 1: Subject-matter and objectives
• comment

Art. 2: Material scope
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Art. 3: Territorial scope
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Art. 4: Definitions
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Art. 1 – 4 •

4 comments
Chapter II
Principles
Art. 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data
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Art. 6: Lawfulness of processing
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Art. 7: Conditions for consent
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Art. 8: Conditions applicable to child's consent in relation to information society services
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Art. 9: Processing of special categories of personal data
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Art. 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences
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Art. 11: Processing which does not require identification
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Art. 5 – 11 •

7 comments
Chapter III
Rights of the data subject
Section 1
Transparency and modalities

Art. 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject

Section 2
Information and access to personal data

Art. 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject

Art. 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject

Art. 15: Right of access by the data subject

Section 3
Rectification and erasure

Art. 16: Right to rectification

Art. 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)

Art. 18: Right to restriction of processing

Art. 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing

Art. 20: Right to data portability

Section 4
Right to object and automated individual decision-making

Art. 21: Right to object

Art. 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling

Section 5
Restrictions

Art. 23: Restrictions
Art. 12 – 23 •

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Chapter IV
Controller and processor
Section 1
General obligations • comment

Art. 24: Responsibility of the controller

Art. 25: Data protection by design and by default

Art. 26: Joint controllers

Art. 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union

Art. 28: Processor

Art. 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor

Art. 30: Records of processing activities
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Art. 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority

Section 2
Security of personal data • 3 comments

Art. 32: Security of processing
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Art. 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority
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Art. 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject
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Section 3
Data protection impact assessment and prior consultation

Art. 35: Data protection impact assessment

Art. 36: Prior consultation

Section 4
Data protection officer • 3 comments

Art. 37: Designation of the data protection officer
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Art. 38: Position of the data protection officer
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Art. 39: Tasks of the data protection officer
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Section 5
Codes of conduct and certification

Art. 40: Codes of conduct

Art. 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct

Art. 42: Certification

Art. 43: Certification bodies
Art. 24 – 43 •

7 comments
Chapter V
Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations
Art. 44: General principle for transfers

Art. 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision

Art. 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards

Art. 47: Binding corporate rules

Art. 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law

Art. 49: Derogations for specific situations

Art. 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data
Art. 44 – 50 •

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Chapter VI
Independent supervisory authorities
Section 1
Independent status

Art. 51: Supervisory authority

Art. 52: Independence

Art. 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority

Art. 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority

Section 2
Competence, tasks and powers

Art. 55: Competence

Art. 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority

Art. 57: Tasks

Art. 58: Powers

Art. 59: Activity reports
Art. 51 – 59 •

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Chapter VII
Cooperation and consistency
Section 1
Cooperation

Art. 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned

Art. 61: Mutual assistance

Art. 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities

Section 2
Consistency

Art. 63: Consistency mechanism

Art. 64: Opinion of the Board

Art. 65: Dispute resolution by the Board

Art. 66: Urgency procedure

Art. 67: Exchange of information

Section 3
European data protection board

Art. 68: European Data Protection Board

Art. 69: Independence

Art. 70: Tasks of the Board

Art. 71: Reports

Art. 72: Procedure

Art. 73: Chair

Art. 74: Tasks of the Chair

Art. 75: Secretariat

Art. 76: Confidentiality
Art. 60 – 76 •

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Chapter VIII
Remedies, liability and penalties
Art. 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority

Art. 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority

Art. 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor

Art. 80: Representation of data subjects

Art. 81: Suspension of proceedings

Art. 82: Right to compensation and liability

Art. 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines

Art. 84: Penalties
Art. 77 – 84 •

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Chapter IX
Provisions relating to specific processing situations
Art. 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information

Art. 86: Processing and public access to official documents

Art. 87: Processing of the national identification number

Art. 88: Processing in the context of employment

Art. 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes

Art. 90: Obligations of secrecy

Art. 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations
Art. 85 – 91 •

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Chapter X
Delegated acts and implementing acts
Art. 92: Exercise of the delegation

Art. 93: Committee procedure
Art. 92 – 93 •

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Chapter XI
Final provisions
Art. 94: Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC

Art. 95: Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC

Art. 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements

Art. 97: Commission reports

Art. 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection

Art. 99: Entry into force and application
Art. 94 – 99 •

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Latest comments

Commented 18 from 99 Art.

Art. 30 12.09.2024 Art. 39 27.08.2024 Art. 34 27.08.2024 Art. 32 27.08.2024 Art. 10 26.08.2024 Art. 8 26.08.2024

GDPR – commentary